Ns7 nozzles are designed to economically provide desired thermal performance at low spray heights typical of factory. They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool. Midwest cooling towers offers a wide choice of counterflow cooling tower models in spaceefficient, counterflow design. Cooling towers are used in facilities where process cooling is required in order to. A hsfd cooling tower has a diameter and height that are two thirds and one half, respectively, the size they would be for a natural draft cooling tower designed for the same performance. What else can you do to improve the cooling towers performance. Cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Cooling tower fundamentals spx cooling technologies. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower. Which type of cooling tower is more efficient, cross flow or. Cooling tower performance drift thermal science all evaporative cooling products, where air and water come into direct contact, experience some level of drift. What if instead of relying on the air to enter the tower naturally, you forced it in with a fan. Cooling towers visual encyclopedia of chemical engineering. Cooling tower performance in free cooling applications is dependent upon both the system and cooling tower design.
Types and performance evaluation, efficient system operation. Marley f400 class counterflow cooling tower marketing. How counterflow and crossflow towers differ june 04. The performance of the cooling tower, water outlet temperature, and efficiency is expressed as functions of the watertoair flow rate ratio, lg. Other factors, which we will see, must be stated along with flow rate m3hr. The cooling performance of these cooling towers is optimal and operation is problem free. Pdf performance evaluation of counterflow wet cooling towers.
Student has deep understanding on principles of cooling tower 2. Pdf in this paper, performance evaluation of wet cooling tower is done. Pdf performance assessment of a counter flow cooling tower. Counterflow cooling towers pull air up from the bottom of the cooling tower, through the fill media and out the top, while pressurized spray nozzles spray water downward in. This is because of the air inlets on each style of tower. A crossflow tower only has two air inlets compared to four on a counterflow cooling tower, see. Df381 counterflow film fill n highperformance lowclog design n bottom supported nes minimum number of requir supports nog configuration l marley df381 is a film fill system designed to significantly reduce the risk. Figure 4 forced draft, counterflow, blower fan tower. Performance assessment of a counter flow cooling tower.
Increasing the range as a result of added heat requires an increase in tower size. Induced draft cooling tower uses more compact ground area than forced draft cooling tower equivalent capacity due to absence of fan on one side. Drift is defined as liquid water droplets from the recirculating flow entrained in the discharge air stream. The f400 cooling tower is a logical engineered evolution of this proven design, making use of pultruded fiberglass shapes as structural members. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower by. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic. Counter flow vs cross flow counter flow cooling tower. Series v cooling towers offer a wide range of capacities, minimal sound levels, low installation costs, yearround operating reliability, and are easy to maintain.
The thermal performance prediction of wetcooling towers is critically analyzed and refined. The air distribution systems for counterflow and crossflow towers have advantages and disadvantages inherent in their respective designs. Evaporative cooling is the process where warm water from an industrial process is pumped up to the top of the cooling tower where the water distribution system is. Counterflow towers also help minimize your pump head requirements. Hyperbolic stack forced draft hsfd cooling towers combine the hyperbolic shape of a natural draft cooling tower with the use of large motordriven fans. The towers essentially a cooling tower is a type of heat exchanger. Student can use the psychrometric chart for determining the specific humidity, specific enthalpy, relative humidity 3. The even temperature gradient of the counterflow fill design makes the at cooling tower the ideal unit for operation in freezing climates. We do things differently and it makes all the difference for you. Forced draft cooling tower can be square or rectangular type only.
Accurately designed and manufactured in tandem with the latest market advancements and developments, these products are widely utilized in varied places. Range range is determined not by the cooling tower, but by the process it is serving. Apr 08, 2018 cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Experimental the tested cooling tower is a forced draft counter. Counterflow cooling tower diagram difference between crossflow and counterflow cooling towers. This cooling tower quiz module covers the design, calculations, operations and cooling water treatment etc which will be a refresher for the experience. This course covers 18 sections of comprehensive information on evaporative cooling towers and provides important aspects of cooling tower types, sizing, selection and performance issues. Seriesseries counterflow for central chilled water plants.
The performance of the cooling tower, water outlet temperature, and efficiency is expressed as functions of the waterto. Student can calculate effectiveness of the cooling tower, t range, t approach 4. In the counter flow induced draft design, hot water enters at the top, while the. Due to the air flowing vertically, its not possible to use the basins gravityflow like in crossflow towers. Cooling tower efficiency calculations chemical engineering site. The overall efficiency of a cooling tower is directly related to the design of the towers water distribution and heat. Accordingly, the range is determined by the heat load and water flow rate, not by the size or thermal capability the cooling tower. With the addition of steel fill series v cooling towers are also ideal for high temperature applications.
There are many different types of cooling towers but the cooling tower working principles stay pretty much the same. Experimental investigation of the performance characteristics. If the hot water temp is constant and the range is specified with a lower cold water temp, then the tower. Vt1 counterflow cooling towers can be used in indoor and outdoor applications. Hvac design cooling towers a suncam online continuing education course. Assessing the performance of cooling towers and their effect. Pdf an exergy analysis on the performance of a counterflow. The effect of counterflow polacel cmdif cooling towers work on the principle of counterflow. Ambient air enters at the bottom of the tower at mass flow rate g with specific enthalpy h a,in and flows upwards in counterflow to the falling water. Performance analyses of counterflow closed wet cooling towers. Cooling towers can be split into two distinct categories.
Cooling tower is one of the most suitable system for evaporative cooling of hot water in comparison with other types of evaporative cooling systems. Its role is to remove heat from a process, usually either a direct manufacturing process or from the condenser of a chiller. The counterflow design of the at cooling tower fill section reduces the chance of ice formation and with bottom support, eliminates fill collapse should ice form. From our founding leaders who pioneered the cooling tower industry to our experienced and responsive teams, you can rely on ccs to deliver a lasting solution for your cooling needs. An exergy analysis on the performance of a counterflow wet cooling tower. Evaporation results from the difference in saturated pressure between the water films and the vapor pressure of moisture in the air passing through the fill.
For increase the efficiency of cooling tower need to be optimizing this parameter. The effect of counterflow polacel cmdif cooling towers work on the principle of. Counter flow cooling towers are fitted with an induced draught fan on the top and are directly mounted on the motor. An exergy analysis on the performance of a counterflow wet. Proven with nearly 60 years of service, the counterflow splash fill cooling tower is best suited for industrial applications where water quality is not controlled. The counterflow splash fill cooling tower is the predecessor to the counterflow film fill cooling tower. As a result, the speed of exhaust air is much higher than the air that enters. Figure 2 induced draft axial fan counterflow cooling tower figure 3 forced draft, centrifugal fan, counterflow, open circuit cooling tower. Performance assessment of a counter flow cooling towerunique. The cooling tower is then calibrated to the actual cooling tower. There are many factors affecting the performance of counter flow cooling towers, the air water ratio. Counterflow design cooling towers usually offer a smaller footprint than crossflow towers and allow maximum thermal performance out of each plan area. Phd thesis wetcooling tower thermal performance evaluation.
Below is the summary of steps in the cooling tower design process in industry. Ns7 counterflow nozzles water distribution nozzles the marley ns7 counterflow nozzle is an injection molded polypropylene unit consisting of two partsthe main assembly with integral turbulator and an edpm rubber grommet. This means that the water flows down while the air is pulled upwards by a fan. Assessing the performance of cooling towers and their. Chemical engineering site already published articles on cooling tower components and cooling tower efficiency calculations. Counterflow cooling tower ask price from our excellent range of inputs, we are affianced in delivering to our patrons a supreme quality collection of counterflow cooling tower. A schematic illustration and photo of the used experimental apparatus are shown in fig.
For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m 3hr through a. Parametric studies even if the performance predicted by the software is not 100% matched to the actual cooling tower performance, the software can still be used with confidence to do parametric studies, i. The fan induces the ambient air into the tower to draft it upward. Filmfill has gained prominence in the cooling tower industry because of its ability to expose greater water surface within a given packed volume.
If you read this book carefully, you can make any cooling tower design programs by yourself. It is equally effective in either type cooling tower. In a crossflow tower the fill is usually installed at some angle to the vertical to make provision for the inward motion of droplets due to drag forces caused. In open circuit systems the recirculating water returns to the tower after 1 one ton of refrigeration is equal to 12,000 btuhour. The main part of the installation is the cooling tower, hav. To achieve this aim, first, thermal behavior of counterflow wet cooling tower.
The marley industrial counterflow cooling tower has proven itself as one of the most efficient and reliable designs ever. Experimental investigation of the performance characteristics of a counterflow wet cooling tower article in international journal of thermal sciences 4910. Factors affecting cooling tower performance range, flow and heat load range is a direct function of the quantity of water circulated and the heat load. Cooling tower plays a major role in chemical process industry. In general, the most applications rely on the use of evaporative cooling tower systems, which include wet cooling towers, cooling ponds or spray ponds. Experimental analysis on performance of a counter flow tray type. Pdf cooling tower is one of the most suitable system for evaporative cooling of hot water in comparison with other types of evaporative. Most cooling towers work based on the principle of evaporative cooling. Approximately half of the fill used in crossflow cooling towers, and virtually all that which it utilized in counterflow cooling towers is filmtype.
The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. Counterflow cooling towers can approach the wet bulb temperature better compared to crossflow cooling towers. Counterflow and crossflow, fielderected we do things differently and it makes all the difference for you 4150 international plaza, suite 500 fort worth, texas 761094826 817. Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. The effect of the air water ratio on counter flow cooling tower. Difference between crossflow and counterflow cooling towers.